Your browser doesn't support javascript.
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
1.
Tzu Chi Med J ; 35(2): 137-142, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-20238386

ABSTRACT

When patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are hospitalized, the limited space for activity, disease itself causes fever, muscle aches, fatigue, respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation, or medications such as steroids or neuromuscular blocking can cause muscle dysfunction. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) should be arranged for these patients with COVID-19. However, the literature on early PR within 1 week of admission on patients with COVID-19 are limited. This review focuses on early PR in COVID-19 patients admitted to isolation wards or intensive care units. The essential components of early PR programs include education, breathing exercise, airway clearance, and physical activity training. Breathing exercises, including diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing, are known to improve lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are also recommended for COVID-19 patients. Poor airway clearance can further aggravate pneumonia. Airway clearance techniques help patients to clear sputum and prevent the aggravation of pneumonia. Early physical activity training allows patients to maintain limb muscle function during hospitalization. It is recommended to design appropriate indoor exercise training for patients with frequency 1-2 times a day, and intensity should not be too high (dyspnea Borg Scale ≤3) in the acute stage. In order to achieve safe training, criteria for selecting stable patients and training termination are important. Early PR may help reduce the length of hospital stay, maintain functional status, improve symptoms of dyspnea, relieve anxiety, and maintain health-related quality of life in these patients after discharge.

2.
Life Sci ; 305: 120782, 2022 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1956258

ABSTRACT

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and causes great mortality. ALI presents with overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, cell death, destruction of alveoli-endothelial barriers, and neutrophil infiltration in lung tissues. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules released from damaged cells due to infection, trauma, etc. DAMPs activate innate and adaptive immunity, trigger inflammatory responses, and are important in the initiation and development of ALI. We reviewed the literatures on DAMPs in ALI. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), neutrophils, and epithelial cells (AECs) are important in the pathogenesis of ALI. We comprehensively analyzed the interaction between DAMPs and AMs, alveolar neutrophils, and AECs. During the initial stage of ALI, ruptured cell membranes or destroyed mitochondria release DAMPs. DAMPs activate the inflammasome in nearby sentinel immune cells, such as AMs. AMs produce IL-1ß and other cytokines. These mediators upregulate adhesion molecules of the capillary endothelium that facilitate neutrophil recruitment. The recruited neutrophils detect DAMPs using formyl peptide receptors on the membrane, guiding their migration to the injured site. The accumulation of immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, proteases, etc., results in diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary hyperpermeability with protein-rich fluid retention. Some clinical studies have shown that patients with ALI with higher circulating DAMPs have higher mortality rates. In conclusion, DAMPs are important in the initiation and progression of ALI. The interactions between DAMPs and AMs, neutrophils, and AECs are important in ALI. This review comprehensively addresses the mechanisms of DAMPs and their interactions in ALI.


Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury , Acute Lung Injury/pathology , Alarmins/metabolism , Animals , Cytokines/metabolism , Humans , Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neutrophil Infiltration , Neutrophils/metabolism
3.
J Microbiol Immunol Infect ; 55(1): 166-169, 2022 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1700704

ABSTRACT

This was a preliminary study on ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation for SARS-CoV-2-contaminated hospital environments. Forty-eight locations were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR (33.3% contamination rate). After series dosages of 222-nm UVC irradiation, samples from the surfaces were negative at 15 s irradiation at 2 cm length (fluence: 81 mJ/cm2).


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Disinfection , Humans , Ultraviolet Rays , Virus Inactivation/radiation effects
4.
Viruses ; 13(12)2021 11 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1542797

ABSTRACT

To overcome the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, transmission routes, such as healthcare worker infection, must be effectively prevented. Ultraviolet C (UVC) (254 nm) has recently been demonstrated to prevent environmental contamination by infected patients; however, studies on its application in contaminated hospital settings are limited. Herein, we explored the clinical application of UVC and determined its optimal dose. Environmental samples (n = 267) collected in 2021 were analyzed by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and subjected to UVC irradiation for different durations (minutes). We found that washbasins had a high contamination rate (45.5%). SARS-CoV-2 was inactivated after 15 min (estimated dose: 126 mJ/cm2) of UVC irradiation, and the contamination decreased from 41.7% before irradiation to 16.7%, 8.3%, and 0% after 5, 10, and 15 min of irradiation, respectively (p = 0.005). However, SARS-CoV-2 was still detected in washbasins after irradiation for 20 min but not after 30 min (252 mJ/cm2). Thus, 15 min of 254-nm UVC irradiation was effective in cleaning plastic, steel, and wood surfaces in the isolation ward. For silicon items, such as washbasins, 30 min was suggested; however, further studies using hospital environmental samples are needed to confirm the effective UVC inactivation of SARS-CoV-2.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Infection Control/methods , SARS-CoV-2/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Rays , COVID-19/virology , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Hospitals , Humans , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Time Factors
5.
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection ; 2020.
Article | WHO COVID | ID: covidwho-276220

ABSTRACT

Herein, we report that nosocomial infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be mitigated by using surgical masks and closed looped ventilation for both non-critical and critical patients. These preventive measures resulted in no viral contamination of surfaces in negative pressure environments.

SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL